By: Mimi Martinez
In a groundbreaking achievement for sustainable energy, MAN Energy Solutions has successfully commissioned the world's largest CO2-based seawater heat pump in Esbjerg, Denmark. A crucial step in Esbjerg's journey towards achieving carbon neutrality by 2030, this innovative heat pump plant marks a significant shift towards carbon-neutral heating solutions. Operated by DIN Forsyning, the project could also serve as an inspiration for sustainable heating systems globally. The heat pump began operations this past January.
Located at the Port of Esbjerg, the heat pump utilizes renewable energy from nearby wind farms and seawater, replacing the city's coal-fired power plant. With a staggering total heating capacity of 70 MW, the plant will supply approximately 280,000 MWh of climate-neutral heat annually to Esbjerg and its neighboring town Varde. This is enough energy to help heat around 25,000 households. This transition is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by an impressive 120,000 tons per year.[i]
A standout feature of this project is its use of non-toxic and environmentally safe CO2 as a refrigerant throughout its operational cycle. This choice is particularly crucial given the plant's proximity to the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with a delicate ecosystem. The system not only supports the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind but also enhances grid stability through rapid power balancing capabilities.
After several months of operation, the heat pumps at the Esbjerg plant have shown promising results in both thermal efficiency and grid integration. The heat pumps are capable of producing either low-intermediate or full temperatures, with the system mainly operating at 90˚C for district heating.
Although the heat pumps are primarily focused on providing steady heat, they have also demonstrated the ability to provide ancillary services to the power grid. Initial tests have revealed fast response times when adjusting temperature and power setpoints, indicating that the heat pumps can quickly support grid stability. However, full performance testing is still in progress, and while the measured COP (Coefficient of Performance) has been slightly lower than expected, the results are still considered promising. The system’s flexibility, such as rapid load changes, positions it well for future participation in ancillary services markets. As testing continues, it is anticipated that the heat pumps will contribute significantly to both heat production and grid balancing in the future.[ii]
[i] https://www.man-es.com/company/press-releases/press-details/2024/11/28/mega-heat-pump-delivers-first-heat-in-esbjerg#:~:text=A%20key%20feature%20of%20MAN's,technology%20and%20the%20auxiliary%20systems.
[ii] https://dbdh.org/seawater-heat-pump-first-operational-experience-from-a-megaproject-in-esbjerg-dk/
