In the context of growing concerns about energy sustainability and climate change mitigation, the capture and storage of light energy, particularly solar energy, has become a key research area. This study focuses on the development and optimization of bio-based luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), using transparent wood as a host matrix and coumarins as luminescent species. Transparent wood, obtained through delignification and chitosan impregnation, exhibits exceptional optical and mechanical properties, with high transparency and enhanced durability due to chitosan, a bio-based polymer. Coumarins were selected for their outstanding photochemical and photophysical properties, including high luminescent emission efficiency and photothermal stability, critical for improving LSC efficiency in solar energy capture and conversion.