The Place of Law in Technology Transitions: A Case Study from Chemical Risk Assessment
Chemical exposure can produce devasting harm to human health and the environment. The EU regulation requires the testing of substances to ascertain whether they exhibit hazards such that appropriate risk management measures must be applied. Traditionally, toxicity testing has involved using animals as a surrogate for humans. Over the years, the EU has adopted a long-standing policy commitment to comply with the 3Rs principle to Replace, Reduce and Refine the use of animals for the purposes of scientific testing with the aim of full replacement.