Investigation of enhanced adhesion of HEK293T cells on SAM-modified ITO surfaces using NMR metabolomics
The use of glass substrates to enhance cellular adhesion exemplifies the principles of green and sustainable chemistry in practice. Upcycling waste glass into a valuable resource mitigates environmental pollution, promotes innovation, and conserves resources. The Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells have been used in organoid formation and specialized applications within organoid systems; however, they often suffer from loose adherence, which limits their applicability.