Sustainable chemistry: Green, circular, and safe-by-design
The chemical industry’s traditional “take-make-waste” model poses significant socio-environmental challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for a shift toward sustainability. Addressing these challenges, frameworks such as green chemistry, which focuses on reducing waste and pollution; circular chemistry, emphasizing resource efficiency and recycling; and safe and sustainable-by-design (SSbD), prioritizing product life cycle safety and sustainability, have emerged.