Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Ice formation remains a critical challenge across multiple industries, posing safety risks, economic burdens, and, in extreme cases, fatalities. Effective anti-icing strategies are essential to mitigate these issues, yet the demand for environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient solutions persists. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as a promising low-toxicity alternative for addressing ice formation.

Kraft lignin is a major industrial by-product of the pulp and paper industry, currently used primarily as low-value fuel. There are economic and environmental incentives to utilize kraft lignin for materials applications, however, its compositional variability and chemical complexity remains a major barrier to commercial use. Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have emerged as a promising strategy for reducing the heterogeneity of technical lignins by generating spherical particles with narrow size distribution.