Organic Chemistry

Sulfur-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions in the Synthesis of Thioamides

Thioamides are versatile tools that are used both as synthetic precursors to complex heterocyclic compounds, and also commercially due to their range of bioactive properties. These include antimicrobial, antioxidant and most notably antithyroid activities among others. Traditional synthesis of thioamides typically employ the use of smelly, multi-step protocols with poor atom economy and cumbersome clean-up. Furthermore, these protocols utilize harsh reaction conditions, long reaction times, limited scope and poor waste management.

Modification of Natural Products via Chan-Lam Coupling: A Greener Approach for C-Heteroatom Bond Formation

Natural products, have long been recognized as a rich and diverse source of biologically active compounds with a wide range of therapeutic applications, and they also constitute a source of renewable and sustainable substrates for the Chan-Lam coupling. The Chan-Lam reaction is a copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling that allow the formation of C-Heteroatom bonds, this coupling stands out for its alignment with green chemistry principles, enabling the efficient formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds under environmentally friendly conditions.

Applications of Lewis Acidic [ZnCl2]2[ChCl] Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) in the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ethers via Dehydrative Cross Etherification of Alcohols

Unsymmetrical ethers are generally synthesized via the Williamson ether method, but the unwanted formation of symmetrical ethers plus the basic and harsh conditions of the route pose a synthetic challenge. Other methods employed in the synthesis of unsymmetrical ether require the use of toxic mineral acids, and requires high catalyst loading which limits their large-scale application. Dehydration of alcohols in the presence of base-metal catalyst has, however, recently offered the greenest approach to synthesize unsymmetrical ethers, leaving water as by-product.